NCERT KEYNOTES

CLASS - 6

HISTORY -NCERT

Chapter 1- What, Where, How and When         

  

Learning Points:

1. Finding out what happened

2. What can we know about the past?

3. Where did people live?

4. Names of the land

5. Finding out about the past

6. One past or many

7. What do dates mean?

8. What is Decipherment?

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I. Finding out what happened - History is a chronological account of events as they took place in the past.

II. What can we know about the past?

1. History helps us in knowing about the past kings, kingdoms and the society.
2. History tells us about the way people lived, the food they ate and the clothes they wore.
3. History tells us about the occupations of the people.
4. History tells us about the great achievements or our ancestors.
5. History tells us about the mistakes made by our ancestors.
6. We learn from history to make a better future.

III. Where do people live: During prehistoric times people lived at following places in the Indian subcontinent  

1.       Banks of the river Narmada

2.       Sulaiman and Kirthar Hills of the Northwest

3.       Garo hills in the northeast and the Vindhyas in central India

4.       River Indus and its tributaries

5.       River Ganga and its tributary Son

IV.  Name of the Land:  Our country is called India and Bharat.
 

1.       1. The people of Iran & Greece come from the north west of India. Thus, they become familiar with river Indus. They called it Indos Or Hindos. The Land to the east of this river came to be known as India.

2.       2. People who lived in the north west were known as Bharatha. They are mentioned in Rigveda. The name Bharat came from the term Bharatha.

V. Finding out about the past:

1.   Archaeologist and historians study several sources to tell us about the past. There are two sources - archaeological and literary.

2.   Archaeology: The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of physical remains.

3.   Archaeologists use sources like monuments, artifacts, inscription and coins.

4.  Handwritten or any other written record of the past is known as a literary source.

5.   Literary sources include two types of literature - religious literature and secular literature.

 

             

VII. What do Dates mean:

1.       Historians use a chronological sequence for a better understanding. Birth of Jesus Christ has been taken as year zero.

2.       Any event before Christ is called Before Christ (BC) and any event, after the birth of Jesus are called Anno Domini (AD).

3.       Timeline of history is divided into three stages – prehistory, prehistory and history.

 

VIII. Meaning of Decipherment:- Activity of converting codes in to the plain text. Examples-

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Class -7 {Geography}

Chapter 1- Environment    

        

Learning Points:   

I. Meaning of Environment: The nature, place, people, things, etc. that surrounding the living organisms make the environment.

Environment = Human Made Phenomena +  Natural Phenomena  

Roads, Cars, Books, Cloths  + Individual, Family, Community, Education 

Natural Environment

1. Lithosphere     (Hard Top layer of the Earth)                         
2. Hydrosphere   (Domain of the water)                      
3. Atmosphere    (The Thin layer of the air that surround the earth)                
4. Biosphere        (Where Life Exits)

III. What is Ecosystem?

1. The relation between the living organisms as well as the relation between the organisms and their surrounding forms the ecosystem.

2.There could be an ecosystem of large rainforest, grassland, desert, mountains, lake, river, ocean and even a small pond.

IV. Human Environment:

1.      Human beings interact with the environment and modify it according to their needs.

2.      Early humans adapted themselves to their natural surroundings.

3.      With time, humans learnt to grow new things, domesticate animals and lead a settled life.

4.      Industrial revolution, transportation and information revolution and information made communication easier and speedy across the world.